• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Loose reflective material for construction, comprising crushed aggregate of natural stone in a percentage between 60 and 99.8% of the total and a coating thereof with an elastomeric binder material in a percentage between 1 and 40%, where these values refer to percentages on the weight of the final product and, where the binder material has pigments in a percentage between 1 and 10% on the weight of said binder material, such that the final product presents an index of reflectance whose value is between 50 and 90%. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2797824A1
    申请号:ES201930491
    申请日:2019-06-03
    公开日:2020-12-03
    发明作者:Torrano Pilar Hidalgo；Alvarez De Eulate Fernando Dominguez；Perez Miriam Hernandez；Lopez Carlos Luis Rodriguez；Ayerra Julio Lopez；Agüero Jose Alejandro Arribas
    申请人:Aridos Cabezogordo S L；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0002] Reflective loose material for construction
    [0004] Technical field of the invention
    [0006] The present invention corresponds to the technical field of construction and specifically to a reflective material for use as a construction material, which significantly reflects incident solar energy.
    [0008] Background of the Invention
    [0010] Today, global warming is an increasingly evident reality, which is causing great concern due to the serious consequences it has on climate and weather patterns.
    [0012] Among the many phenomena that contribute to global warming, there is one that is closely related, consisting of the increase in people living in cities. This phenomenon generates an effect known as "urban heat island" that takes place in areas with surfaces made with materials of high thermal capacity and low solar reflectance or albedo, such as asphalt, concrete, tiles, waterproofing membranes dark, bricks, ...
    [0014] In this way, the transfer of a large part of the population to the cities has generated the substitution of rural surfaces, which were previously generally green and humid, by urban areas, which are made mainly with these low reflectance materials, which generates a great absorption and storage of energy in the form of heat in these areas, causing a heating of the surrounding air and thus increasing the ambient temperature.
    [0016] These urban heat islands can negatively affect the community and generate negative effects on air quality and people's health, as well as a significant increase in energy consumption, as the demand for energy will increase in the summer months.
    [0017] At first, the trend was to increase the areas of vegetation in those areas with greater heat absorption, so that, for example, green roofs in which vegetation was placed began to be carried out.
    [0019] On the other hand, numerous studies have been carried out based on investigating proposals to effectively mitigate the phenomena of climate change and, among the solutions studied, the use of materials with high albedo has proven to be key in recent decades to counteract urban warming by increasing the solar reflectance of urban surfaces and therefore the increase in urban solar heat. High albedo surfaces are characterized by being "cold" coatings applied to building ceilings and floors.
    [0021] Thus, over time it was concluded that using light colors that allow a high degree of reflectance, accumulating humidity and reducing environmental temperatures gave much better results than planting vegetation in those areas, as well as being a more economical solution.
    [0023] A cold coating is a highly reflective coating material that when applied to a surface exposed to solar radiation can absorb less heat and stay cooler, compared to a traditional coating. In this way, it reduces the amount of energy absorbed by the surface where it is applied through selective absorption and reflection of the spectral wavelength.
    [0025] Given that roof surfaces in urban areas correspond to approximately 20-40% of the total area exposed to solar radiation and the paved area to 29-44% of the total, it is clear that the implementation of cold coatings allows promising benefits energy and environmental issues both locally and globally.
    [0027] Cold coatings are characterized by the combination of high solar reflectance (SR) and high infrared emittance (TE), where SR is the ability of a surface to reflect solar radiation over the hemisphere and the solar spectrum, including direct and diffuse components. . By also having a high infrared emittance, a cold layer can re-radiate previously absorbed heat. Therefore, when a cold layer is applied to a building envelope, it allows solar radiation to be reflected, emitting heat and reducing its surface temperature. In particular, it is highlighted that during the daily hours the The main parameter is SR and that during the night hours the night performance is greatly affected by the infrared emittance.
    [0029] Since cold coatings are exhaustively characterized by consideration of both solar reflectance and infrared emittance, a parameter called SRI (Solar Reflectance Index) was proposed so that both aspects are united into a single value. For this, the ASTM E1980-11 standard was developed, becoming an international standard on the calculation of said solar reflectance index on horizontal opaque surfaces with a low slope.
    [0031] The first generation of cold coatings was made from natural materials such as natural stone aggregates of light color, taking advantage of permeability and intrinsically characterized by high albedo.
    [0033] The next generation of artificial cold coatings consisted of the development, measurement, and optimization of very white coatings; that is, with an albedo greater than 0.8. Later, the behavior of cold coatings composed of high albedo non-white materials was analyzed where the application of light color techniques had modified the visual perception of the built environment. Such cool colored coatings were shown to have a much higher albedo than conventional colors, with a consequent reduction in their surface temperature when exposed to outside solar radiation.
    [0035] Several studies have also found that the application of cool roofs in new and existing buildings can significantly improve energy efficiency during the summer season and throughout the year. The energy savings that would be achieved are between 2% and 44%, with an average of 20% and where said percentages vary depending on the specific boundary conditions in terms of local climatic phenomena, characteristics of the building envelope, factor view of the sky, type of construction and use, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, etc.
    [0037] Thus, it is a reality that increasing the albedo of the roofs on a larger scale can significantly help to mitigate local climatic phenomena such as the urban heat island, reducing the local air peak and surface temperatures due to less transfer. of heat.
    [0038] To date, facing materials such as cold clay tiles, cold membranes and cold colored paints have been developed. These types of coating, however, are affected by the wear and tear of time and inclement weather.
    [0040] That is why in horizontal applications, such as non-passable terraces, other types of materials have usually been used that better withstand the passage of time and are easier to install, such as crushed natural stone aggregates, in the form of loose materials. . Furthermore, this is a very sustainable material both from an environmental and economic point of view, especially if it is available locally.
    [0042] There are also landscaped areas, for example, that do not allow cold coatings like those obtained to date, because by their very nature they require loose materials and not paints, membranes or tiles.
    [0044] It would therefore be necessary, for these areas that are currently covered by loose aggregate, as it is the most appropriate, to find some type of cold coating material, which retains the same characteristics of loose aggregate by adding a high solar reflectance index. No material that meets these conditions has been found in the state of the art.
    [0046] Description of the invention
    [0048] The loose reflective material for construction presented here comprises crushed natural stone aggregate in a percentage comprised between 60 and 99.8% of the total and a coating of said aggregate by means of an elastomeric binder material in a percentage comprised between 1 and 40%, where these values refer to percentages on the weight of the final product.
    [0050] The binder material has pigments in a percentage comprised between 1 and 10% over the weight of said binder material, such that the final product has a reflectance index whose value is comprised between 50 and 90%.
    [0052] With the loose reflective building material proposed here, a significant improvement in the state of the art is obtained.
    [0053] This is so because a material based on crushed natural stone aggregate has been achieved, which thanks to the coating it presents, applied in such a way that it remains as a loose material, achieves a significant increase in the reflectance index from the normal values for these aggregates. , 30%, up to values between 50 and 90%.
    [0055] In this way, it is a material capable of counteracting urban heating, reducing cooling consumption, improving interior thermal comfort and increasing the useful life of the roof structure of buildings, as they are less affected by thermal stresses.
    [0057] This new material is a rational and economically viable environmental solution to reduce the "Heat Island" effect in urban areas, CO 2 emissions and environmental pollution in cities.
    [0059] It also achieves energy savings in air conditioning, an improvement in air quality, an improvement in the comfort and health of pedestrians, as well as energy savings in the consumption of public lighting.
    [0061] It is therefore a very effective material, easy to make and use.
    [0063] Detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the invention
    [0065] In view of the figures provided, it can be seen how in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the loose reflective material for construction proposed here comprises crushed aggregate of natural stone in a percentage between 60 and 99 ' 8% of the total and a coating thereof with an elastomeric binder material in a percentage between 1 and 40%, where these values refer to percentages on the weight of the final product. In this embodiment, 96% of crushed natural stone aggregate and between 0.5 and 40% of elastomeric binder material have been specifically considered.
    [0067] For its part, the binder material has pigments in a percentage between 1 and 10% on the weight of said binder material, such that the final product has a reflectance index whose value is between 50 and 90%.
    [0068] Thus, in this preferred embodiment of the invention, the elastomeric binder material at least comprises acetone in a percentage between 20 and 30%, toluene in a percentage between 10 and 20%, titanium dioxide ( TiO 2 ) in a percentage between 10 and 20%, N-butylacetate in a percentage between 10 and 20% and cyclohexanoma in a percentage between 5 and 10%.
    [0070] In this preferred embodiment, the binder material also comprises an antifoam, a cation sequestrant, a hardener, a coalescer, methanol and water.
    [0072] However, in another embodiment, the elastomeric binder material at least comprises acrylic resin in a percentage between 60 and 75%, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) a percentage between 5 and 15% and carbonate of calcium a percentage between 5 and 15%.
    [0074] Likewise, in another embodiment, the elastomeric binder material at least comprises polyester in a percentage between 20 and 30%, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) in a percentage between 30 and 40%, butanone ( MEK) in a percentage between 1 and 10%, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIB K) in a percentage between 1 and 10%, xylene in a percentage between 1 and 10%, isocyanate in a percentage between 15 and 25% and a catalyst a percentage between 1 and 10%.
    [0076] On the other hand, in this proposed embodiment, the pigments are inorganic, although in other embodiments they may be pigments of a different nature.
    [0078] The described embodiment constitutes only an example of the present invention, therefore, the specific details, terms and phrases used in the present specification are not to be considered as limiting, but are to be understood only as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis that provides an understandable description as well as sufficient information to the person skilled in the art to apply the present invention.
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [0001]
    1- Loose reflective material for construction, characterized in that it comprises crushed aggregate of natural stone in a percentage between 60 and 99.8% of the total and a coating thereof by an elastomeric binder material in a percentage between 1 and 40%, where these values refer to percentages on the weight of the final product and, where the binder material has pigments in a percentage between 1 and 10% on the weight of said binder material, such that the final product It has a reflectance index whose value is between 50 and 90%.
    2- Loose reflective material for construction, according to claim 1, characterized in that the elastomeric binder material at least comprises acetone in a percentage between 20 and 30%, toluene in a percentage between 10 and 20%, Titanium dioxide (TiÜ 2 ) in a percentage between 10 and 20%, N-butylacetate in a percentage between 10 and 20% and cyclohexanoma in a percentage between 5 and 10%.
    3- Loose reflective material for construction, according to claim 1, characterized in that the elastomeric binder material at least comprises acrylic resin in a percentage between 60 and 75%, titanium dioxide (TiÜ 2 ) a percentage between 5 and 15% and, calcium carbonate, a percentage between 5 and 15%.
    4- Loose reflective material for construction, according to claim 1, characterized in that the elastomeric binder material at least comprises polyester in a percentage between 20 and 30%, titanium dioxide (TiÜ 2 ) in a percentage between 30 and 40%, butanone (MEK) in a percentage between 1 and 10%, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIB K) in a percentage between 1 and 10%, xylene in a percentage between 1 and 10%, isocyanate in a percentage between 15 and 25% and, a catalyst, a percentage between 1 and 10%.
    5- Loose reflective material for construction, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pigments are inorganic.
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    Al-Obaidi et al.2014|Passive cooling techniques through reflective and radiative roofs in tropical houses in Southeast Asia: A literature review
    Santamouris et al.2008|Passive cooling of the built environment–use of innovative reflective materials to fight heat islands and decrease cooling needs
    Fry et al.1956|Tropical architecture in the humid zone
    Ávila-Hernández et al.2020|Test box experiment and simulations of a green-roof: Thermal and energy performance of a residential building standard for Mexico
    Osmond et al.2017|Guide to urban cooling strategies
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    KR20090039514A|2009-04-22|Construction method for pavement
    Mohammadabadi et al.2011|Green Architecture in clinical centres with an approach to Iranian sustainable vernacular architecture |
    Waewsak et al.2003|Performance evaluation of the BSRC multi-purpose bio-climatic roof
    Sarat et al.2012|An experimental study on observed heating characteristics of urban pavement
    CN103329767A|2013-10-02|Cold island effect device
    Misni et al.2010|Sustainable residential building issues in urban heat islands–the potential of albedo and vegetation
    Ibrahim et al.2016|Potential of Energy Conservation in Residential Building Regulations–Kurdistan, Iraq
    Guedes2013|Sustainable architecture in africa
    Island2016|Urban Heat Island
    Pratiwi2018|a Review of Material Cover Features for Mitigating Urban Heat Island
    Etzion1999|A bio-climatic approach to desert architecture
    Erell2017|Is urban heat island mitigation necessarily a worthy objective
    Santamouris et al.2014|Urban microclimates: mitigating urban heat
    Khan et al.2021|On the winter overcooling penalty of super cool photonic materials in cities
    Onazi et al.2018|An appraisal of shading devices in institutional buildings
    Zinzi2016|Cool Materials
    Cheshmehzangi et al.2018|Designing Residential Microclimates: Malhar Eco-Village in Bangalore, India
    Sabzevar et al.2014|Courtyard geometry on solar heat gain in hot-dry region
    Ashley2008|Environmental and cost benefits of high albedo concrete
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2797824B2|2021-04-15|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    CN104446210A|2014-12-04|2015-03-25|信阳天意节能技术有限公司|Reflective insulation type waste rock fragment natural stone exterior wall paint|
    WO2018020052A1|2016-07-29|2018-02-01|Cosentino Research & Development, S.L.|Method for infiltrating a ceramic, artificial or natural stone surface|
    法律状态:
    2020-12-03| BA2A| Patent application published|Ref document number: 2797824 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: A1 Effective date: 20201203 |
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201930491A|ES2797824B2|2019-06-03|2019-06-03|Reflective loose material for construction|ES201930491A| ES2797824B2|2019-06-03|2019-06-03|Reflective loose material for construction|
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